Who is The Crazy Boys?

Siapa kah mereka?
Makhluk dari mana?

Wuittt...inilah sekumpulan pemuda yang agak 'nyeleneh' yang terdampar di kelas unggulan Ekonomi Manajemen di sebuah universitas. Awal pertemuan di tingkat 2 nya biasa saja dan berjalan dengan terus monoton hingga tingkat 3.

Namun semua berubah setelah menyadari bahwa 'bentar lagi mau lulus'.
Ya sekelompok pemuda ini merasa aktivitas monoton di dalam kelas telah merubah sikap alim mereka menjadi 'sedikit LIAR'. Karena pada saat itu juga mereka berpikir besok ketika kita sudah lulus cerita apa yang akan seru untuk di bahas? waktu ngerjain tugas?persentasi?debat dengan dosen?
Sepertinya bukan hal itu yang akan menjadi pokok cerita ketika nanti sudah lulus. Dan mulai lah keliaran itu bercokol di kepala mereka.

Sekeda info kami adalah 8 pria yang setengah matang dan 1 pria terlanjur matang yang terdampar di sebuah kelas wanita. Maksudnya kelas kami yang ada 9 pria sisanya wanita semua. Maka dari itu jadilah sebuah kekompakan yang biasa saja diantara para pria ini. Dar sini akan dimulai kisah-kisah konyol yang tidak akan disangka-sangka oleh seluruh umat di bumi ternyata ada makhluk-makhluk sedemikain rupa hidup di jalaman dan era yang modern ini.

Sekiranya berbagai kisah yang akan terangkum dalam perjalanan ini tidak akan lengkap seperti kejadian aslinya karena ini bukan film atau sebuah novel, jadi wajar saja jika cerita ini akan ditulis seadanya,sebisanya dan sesuka-suka yang menulis cerita ini.Silahkan menikmati.

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Relative clauses

Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who*, that, which, whose, where, when. They are most often used to define or identify the noun that precedes them. Here are some examples:

Do you know the girl who started in grade 7 last week?

Can I have the pencil that I gave you this morning?

A notebook is a computer which can be carried around.

I won't eat in a restaurant whose cooks smoke.

I want to live in a place where there is lots to do.

Yesterday was a day when everything went wrong!

* There is a relative pronoun whom, which can be used as the object of the relative clause. For example: My science teacher is a person whom I like very much. To many people the word whom now sounds old-fashioned, and it is rarely used in spoken English.

Relative pronouns are associated as follows with their preceding noun:

Preceding noun                Relative pronoun             Examples

a person              who(m)/that, whose     - Do you know the girl who ..

- He was a man that ..

- An orphan is a child whose parents ..

a thing  which†/that, whose       - Do you have a computer which ..

- The oak a tree that ..

- This is a book whose author ..

Note 1: The relative pronoun whose is used in place of the possessive pronoun. It must be followed by a noun. Example: There's a boy in grade 8 whose father is a professional tennis player. (There's a boy in grade 8. His father is a professional tennis player.)

Note 2: The relative pronouns where and when are used with place and time nouns. Examples: FIS is a school where children from more than 50 countries are educated. 2001 was the year when terrorists attacked the Twin Towers in New York.

Some relative clauses are not used to define or identify the preceding noun but to give extra information about it. Here are some examples:

My ESL teacher, who came to Germany in 1986, likes to ride his mountain bike.

The heavy rain, which was unusual for the time of year, destroyed most of the plants in my garden.

Einstein, who was born in Germany, is famous for his theory of relativity.

The boy, whose parents both work as teachers at the school, started a fire in the classroom.

My mother's company, which makes mobile phones, is moving soon from Frankfurt to London.

In the summer I'm going to visit Italy, where my brother lives.

Note 1: Relative clauses which give extra information, as in the example sentences above, must be separated off by commas.

Note 2: The relative pronoun that cannot be used to introduce an extra-information (non-defining) clause about a person. Wrong: Neil Armstrong, that was born in 1930, was the first man to stand on the moon. Correct: Neil Armstrong, who was born in 1930, was the first man to stand on the moon.

There are two common occasions, particularly in spoken English, when the relative pronoun is omitted:

1. When the pronoun is the object of the relative clause. In the following sentences the pronoun that can be left out is enclosed in (brackets):

Do you know the girl (who/m) he's talking to?

Where's the pencil (which) I gave you yesterday?

I haven't read any of the books (that) I got for Christmas.

I didn't like that girl (that) you brought to the party.

Did you find the money (which) you lost?

Note: You cannot omit the relative pronoun a.) if it starts a non-defining relative clause, or, b.) if it is the subject of a defining relative clause. For example, who is necessary in the following sentence: What's the name of the girl who won the tennis tournament?

2. When the relative clause contains a present or past participle and the auxiliary verb to be. In such cases both relative pronoun and auxiliary can be left out:

Who's that man (who is) standing by the gate?

The family (that is) living in the next house comes from Slovenia.

She was wearing a dress (which was) covered in blue flowers.

Most of the parents (who were) invited to the conference did not come.

Anyone (that is) caught writing on the walls will be expelled from school.

http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/relative.htm

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TUGAS SOFTSKILL BULAN 4

Exercise 37 : Relative Clauses

1. The last record that was produced by this company became a gold record.

2. Checking accounts who require a minimum balance are very common now.

3. The professor to whom you spoke yesterday is not here today.

4. John, whose grades are the highest in the school, has received the scholarship.

5. Felipe bought a camera that has three lenses.

6. Frank is the man whom we are going to nominate for the office of treasurer.

7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.

8. Jane is the woman who is going to Chine next year.

9. Janet wants a typewriter who self-corrects.

10. This book that i found last week contains some useful information.

11. Mr. Bryant, whose team has lost the game, looks very sad.

12. James wrote an article that indicated thatt he disliked the president.

13. The director of teh program who graduated from Hardvard Univesrity is planning to retire next year.

14. This is the book that i have been looking for all the year.

15. Willian,, whose brother is a lawyer, wants to become a judge.

Exercise 38 : Relative Clause Reduction

1. George is the man chosen to represent the commite at the convention.

2. All of the money accepted has already been released.

3. The papers on the table belong to Patricia.

4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.

5. The girl drinking coffe is Mary Allen.

6. John's wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.

7. The man talking to the policemanis my uncle.

8. The book on the top shelf is the one that i need.

9. The number of students been counted is quite high.

10. Leo, Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

Exercise 39 : Subjunctive

1. The teacher demanded the student to leave the room.

2. It was urgent that he called immediately.

3. It was very important that we delayed discussion.

4. She intends to move that the commite suspends discussion on this issue.

5. The king decreed the new laws to take effect the following months.

6. I propose that you should stop this rally.

7. I advise you take the prerequisites before registering for this course.

8. His father prefers him to attend a deifferent university.

9. The faculty stipulated the rule to be abolished.

10. She urged us to find another alternative.

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Connectors or linkers are words or groups of words that help us connect words, phrases or sentences. Thanks to them, we can express relationships between ideas and improve our expression by making longer, more complex sentences. For example, take these two sentences:

Connectors or linkers are words or groups of words that help us connect words, phrases or sentences. Thanks to them, we can express relationships between ideas and improve our expression by making longer, more complex sentences. For example, take these two sentences:

Our teacher was ill. We had to put off the exam.
The first sentence is the cause of the second, and the second is the result of the first. The idea would be understood more easily if we could express the relation between both sentences. Thus, we could say:
Our teacher was ill, therefore we had to put off the exam.
We had to put off the exam because our teacher was ill.
As you can see, these two examples sound better than the first two sentences, thanks to the use of the connectors therefore and because.

Image: 'The teacher'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/12836528@N00/2018663891

Connectors can be used to show contrast, purpose, sequence, etc. but today we will be concentrating on the linking words that show cause or result.

CAUSE

• Conjunctions followed by a complete sentence:
  
  • Because: it usally follows the main clause: Everybody likes her because she's very kind and friendly.
  • As and since are very similar. As is less formal than since. They are used when the reason is well known. The clauses that start with these words often begin the sentence:
    As I was very tired, I went to bed early.
     Since you are not interested, I won't tell you about it.
    (As and since can also be used as time connectors).
  • For suggests that the reason is given as an afterthought. For-clauses never come at the beginning of the sentence. For is mainly used in literary texts, therefore, it is very formal.
     We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.
• Connectors followed by a noun, a noun phrase, a pronoun or a gerund:
  
  • Because of: They have had problems raising cash because of the credit crunch.
  • Due to and owing to are considered by many speakers as exact equivalents, but this is not so, because due to is adjectival (it follows a noun or pronoun), whereas owing to is adverbial (it complements a verb). Compare these examples:
    The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain. 
    The cancellation of the game was due to torrential rain.
    If you are doubtful as to which of these you can use, here's a trick: try to substitute due to with “caused by” and see if it works. *The game was cancelled caused by torrential rain.* doesn't sound correct, so it's not possible to use due to in this case. On the other hand, The cancellation of the game was caused by torrential rain, sounds fine.
    Owing to is interchangeable with because of: The game was cancelled because of torrential rain.
  • On account of: The nurse had to keep the baby in another room on account of my illness.
  • Thanks to suggests that there is some cause for gratitude, though it can be used sarcastically. She was given a scholarship thanks to her excellent grades.
    

    

    Image: 'Swing Chain' 

    
    

    http://www.flickr.com/photos/64251830@N00/385054886

    
    

RESULT or CONSEQUENCE

• Thus (very formal): He was the eldest son, and thus, heir to the title.

• Therefore (formal, used mainly in written English): She is only seventeen and therefore not eligible to vote.
• As a result: There has been a rise in the number of accidents. As a result, the government has decided to lower the speed limit. As a result of is followed by a noun, pronoun or gerund. Can you rewrite the previous example using as a result of?
   As a result of the rise in the number of accidents, the government... 
• So (less formal): There was nothing on TV, so I decided to go to bed.
• That's why: Cold temperatures kill mosquitos. That's why you won't see them in winter.
• For this reason: The Colonel was confident that war was impending, and for this reason he hurried his preparations to leave the country.
• Consequently (used especially in written English): This poses a threat to the food chain, and consequently to human health.
  
  In the following exercise you can check how much you have learnt. Good luck!

http://inmadom-myenglishclass.blogspot.com/2011/05/connectors-showing-cause-and-result.html

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TUGAS SOFTSKILL BULAN 3

Exercise 32 : Enough

1. People enough
2. French enough
3. Enough time
4. Fast enough
5. Soon enough
6. Enough early
7. Hard enough
8. Slowly enough
9. Enough flour
10. Books enough

Exercise 33 : Because/Because Of

1. Because of
2. Because of
3. Because of
4. Because
5. Because
6. Because
7. Because of
8. Because of
9. Because of
10. Because of

Exercise 34 : So/Such

1. So
2. Such
3. Such
4. So
5. So
6. So
7. Such
8. So
9. So
10. Such
11. So
12. So
13. Such
14. So
15. So

Exercise 35 : Passive Voice

The president is called by somebody every day.

The other members are being called by John.

Mr. Watson will be called by somebody tonight.

Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.

The supplies should be bought be the teacher for this class.

Exercise 36 : Causative Verbs

Leave

Repaired

Typed

Call

Painted

Write

Lie

Send

Cut

Signed

Leave

Washed

To fix

Published

To find

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DEGREES OF COMPARASION

Comparison can be made using the three forms of the adjective.

Adjective is a word and it qualifies a noun. It gives more information about the noun.

eg. The lion is a strong animal. Rita is a beautiful girl.
Adjectives are of three degrees. (1) Positive (2) Comparative (3) Superlative 

eg. David is a rich man. 

eg. Cancel is more dreadful than cholera. 

eg. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.

Study the following models.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Very few boys in the class are astall as John.	John is taller than any other boys in the class.	John is the tallest boy in the class.
	John is taller than most other boys in the class.	John is one of the tallest boy in the class.

Adjective and Adverbs have three degrees, Positive, Comparative and Superlative.

The Pasitive Degree is used to denote the mere existence of quality.

The Positive Degree of an adjective in comparison is the adjective in its simple form. It is used to denote the mere existence of some quality of what we speak about. It is used when no comparison is made.

• It is a tall building.
• Apple is sweet to taste.

The Comparative Degree is used to compare the qualities of two persons or things.

The Comparative Degree denotes the existence of a higher degree of the quality than the positive. It is used when two things (or two sets of things) are compared.

• This building is taller than any other building.
• Apple is sweeter than pear.

The Superlative Degree denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality. It is used when more than two things are compared.

• This is the tallest building.
• Apple is the sweetest fruit.

The Superlative Degree is used when more than two nouns or things are compared.

• Johnsy is kind (Positive Degree)
• Johnsy is kinder than Rosy (Comparative Degree)
• Johnsy is the kindest of all (Superlative Degree)

By adding ‘er’ and ‘est’
POSITIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
bright	brighter	brightest
black	blacker	blackest
bold	bolder	boldest
clever	cleverer	cleverest
cold	colder	coldest
fast	faster	fastest
great	greater	greatest
high	higher	highest
kind	kinder	kindest
long	longer	longest
small	smaller	smallest
strong	stronger	strongest
sweet	sweeter	sweetest
tall	taller	tallest
young	younger	youngest

By adding ‘r’ and ‘st’
POSITIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
brave	braver	bravest
fine	finer	finest
large	larger	largest
nice	nicer	nicest
noble	nobler	noblest
pale	paler	palest
simple	simpler	simplest
wise	wiser	wisest
white	whiter	whitest

By deleting the final ‘y’ and adding ‘ier’ and ‘iest’
POSITIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
costly	costlier	costliest
dry	drier	driest
easy	easier	easiest
happy	happier	happiest
heavy	heavier	heaviest
lazy	lasier	lasiest
mercy	mercier	merciest
wealthy	wealthier	wealthiest

By doubling the final consonats
POSITIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
big	bigger	biggest
dim	dimmer	dimmest
fat	fatter	fattest
hot	hotter	hottest
thin	thinner	thinnest

By using more and most
POSITIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
active	more active	most active
attractive	more attractive	most attractive
beautiful	more beautiful	most beautiful
brilliant	more brilliant	most brilliant
careful	more careful	most careful
courageous	more courageous	most courageous
cunning	more cunning	most cunning
difficult	more difficult	most difficult
famous	more famous	most famous
faithful	more faithful	most faithful
proper	more proper	most proper
popular	more popular	most popular
splendid	more splendid	most splendid

Irregular Comparisons
POSITIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
bad	worse	worst
evil	worse	worst
good	better	best
ill	worse	worst
far	farther	farthest
well	better	best
late	later	latest
little	less	least
much	more	most
many	more	most
near	nearer	nearest
old	older	oldest
old	elder	eldest

Comparison between two things.

Positive	Comparative
Johnsy is as clever as Rosy	Rosy is not clever than Johnsy
Benjamin is atleast as tall as Jane	Jane is not taller than Benjamin

Comparative	Positive
Lazar is brighter than Stalin	Stalin is not so bright as Lazar

Superlative	Comparative	Positive
Akthar is the richest man in Kanpur	Akthar is richer than any other man in Kanpur	No other man in Kanpur is so rich as Akthar

Superlative	Comparative	Positive
London is one of the biggest city in England	London is bigger than most other city in England	Very few cities in England are so big as London

Superlative	Comparative	Positive
Sheakespear is the greatest of all dramatists	Shakespeare is greater than all other dramatists	No other dramatist is so great as Shakespeare

Positive	Comparative
Lazar is as strong as Lenin	Lenin is not less strong than Lazar

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Some boys in our class are at least as intelligent as Benjamin	Some boys in our class are not intelligent than Benjamin	Benjamin is not the most intelligent boy in our class

 

1. When we compare two objects, persons, qualities, degrees etc. tha tare some respects equal, we may use the comparion of equality. This is formed by the use of

as... adjective / adverb... as
eg. Your house is as large as mine.

2. When we compare unquals, we may use the comparative degree of the adjective or adverb with than

eg. His new book is more interesting than his earlier books

3. When the comparison is negative, we use

so... adjective / adverb... as
eg. Your house is not quite so large as mine.

4. In some adverbial clauses of comparison both subject and verb are dropped.

eg. He is more shy than (he is) unsocial.
Some people think more about their rights than (they do) about their duties.

5. In clauses of comparison introduced by than that ‘should’ is used.

eg. I am already to do the work myself rather than that you should have to do it.

6.Comparison and contrast are also expressed by the use of

the...the...with comparatives.
eg. The sooner you start, the sooner you’ll finish.
The more he read, the less he understood.

 

Superlative	Comparative	Positive
Iron is the most useful of all metals.	Iron is more useful than any other metal.	No other metal is so useful as iron.

Superlative	Comparative	Positive
Tom is the cleverest of all boys in the class.	Tom is cleverer than any other boy in the class.	No other boy in the class is so clever as Tom.

Superlative	Comparative	Positive
Rain water is the purest water.	Rain water is purer than any other water.	No other water is so pure as rain water.

Superlative	Comparative	Positive
Paris is one of the busiest cities in England.	Paris is busier than most other cities in England.	Very few cities in England are as busy as Paris.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Very few animals are as fast as cheetah.	Cheetah is faster than most other animals.	Cheetah is one of the fastest animals.

Superlative	Comparative	Positive
Food ball is one of the most interesting games.	Foot ball is more interesting than most other games.	Very few games are as interesting as foot ball.

Comparative	Positive
Paris is hotter than England.	England is not so hot as Paris.

Positive	Comparative
John is as tall as David.	David is not taller than John.

Comparative	Positive
The Blue Mountain Express runs faster than the Green Express.	The Green Express does not run so fast as the Blue Mountain Express.

http://www.weblearn.in/degrees_of_comparison/

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